Method
Description
clear()
Removes all items from the dictionary.
copy()
Returns a shallow copy of the dictionary.
get(key,[,d])
Returns the value of the key. If the key does not exist, returns d (defaults to None).
keys()
Returns a new object of the dictionary's keys.
pop(key,[,d])
Removes the item with the key and returns its value or d if key is not found. If d is not provided and the key is not found, it raises keyError.
popitem()
Removes the last inserted key-value pair.
values()
Returns a list of all the values in the dictionary.
update()
Updates the dictionary with the specified key-value pairs.
Here are a few example use cases of these methods. It is so common to iterate over the keys in a dictionary that you can omit the keys method call in the for loop — iterating over a dictionary implicitly iterates over its keys.
Python Dictionary Comprehension
Dictionary comprehension is an elegant and concise way to create a new dictionary from an iterable in Python.
Dictionary comprehension consists of an expression pair (key: value) followed by a for statement inside curly braces {}.
Here is an example to make a dictionary with each item being a pair of a number and its square.
A dictionary comprehension can optionally contain more for or if statements. An optional if statement can filter out items to form the new dictionary. Here are some examples to make a dictionary with only odd items.